The Charismatic Leadership Style Essay Example for Free

The Charismatic Leadership Style Essay The Charismatic Leadership Style I have chosen to write my journal article on a leadership style known as a Ccharismatic Leader. Its difficult to identify the characteristics that make a leader charismatic, but they certainly include the ability to communicate on a very powerful emotional level, and probably include some personality traits. I do not believe that charismatic leadership is essential to be an effective leader but it can enhance the leadership journey. The Charismatic Leader gathers followers through based upon their personality and charm, rather than any form of external power or authority. Possessing these characteristics can be an extremely powerful way to gain and lead others. They can also make their followers (ordinary people) do some pretty extraordinary things. Charismatic leaders have the ability to sense the gap that exists between what an organization and culture of people and empower them to come together as one. By bridging this gap the leader can create a vision of a future state that everyone believes will be better than the current one. The charismatic leader often communicates their vision using metaphors and stories in ways that everyone can understand the vision. Their followers see the leader as one that possesses the ability to visualize the future with clarity. Their followers are also able to see how they fit into this future state and believe it will be better than today. Charismatic leaders do these things constantly in large and small ways. Charismatic Leaders are visionaries. They focus on transforming situations, not just maintaining. They will show great confidence in their followers. They are very persuasive and make very effective use of body language as well as verbal language. Many politicians use a charismatic style, as they need to gather a large number of followers. The person who I think is a great charismatic leader is Barack Obama. I have listened to a lot of his speeches and he has the power to motivate and empower people with his words, his testimony and his story of overcoming many trials and obstacles. Barack Obama is often compared to John F. Kennedy, who is arguably the most charismatic President of the United States. â€Å"Todays environment emphasizes organizational learning and follower empowerment conditions that promote mutual respect and dialogue. However, even in this environment leaders can, sometimes unwittingly, enact subtle abuses. Generally included in the typical definition of power are the notions of dependency and control: a leaders ability to determine followers behavior stems at least in part from the followers dependency on the leader. This, in turn, is based on leaders control over the various aspects of organizational life affecting followers or perceived as needed by followers, such as material resources and organizational advancement.

King George I :: essays research papers

King George I King George I was born in 1660 at Osnabuuck, the eldest son of Ernest Augustus-Duke of Brunswick-Lunchburg and first Elector of Hanover. Because his father was the Elector of Hanover, George was the Electoral Price of the Empire. He was also in the imperial army, who faced battles against the Dutch, the Turks, Nine Years War, and in the War of Spanish Succession. George soon became a talented and experienced General. He went on to command in many wars. He eventually became lector of Hanover in 1698(2001 World Book Encyclopedia).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George I married Sophia Dorothea, heiress of Duchy of Brunswick and Zell, in 1682. He and his cousin Sophia had one boy and one girl before the marriage turned sour. George was a bad husband with many mistresses while Sophia had many close guy â€Å"friends.† In 1694, George divorced Sophia and accused her of adultry. Being a prominent male in Hanover, the future king of England had her put into prison for 32 years, where she died in 1726.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George I became King of England in 1714 when his distant cousin Queen Ann died. After Ann’s last surviving child had died in 1700, many people claimed that only her half brother James Francis Edward Stuart, a Roman Catholic and son of King James II, had right to succeed her. In 1701, the parliament passed an Act of Settlement that made sure no Catholic would be Monarch. The act provided that Princess Sophia, a Protestant, would succeed Ann as ruler of England unless Ann had another child. Sophia’s son George, became heir to the throne in August 1714(The Royal Heraldry of England).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  King George was 54 years of age when he took the throne. He was said to be undignified without the slightest knowledge of the English language. This prevented him from taking part in cabinet councils. He never bothered to learn the language of his new kingdom, although he already knew Latin, French, and Italian. George also showed no appreciation for the English culture. Englishmen Samuel Johnson summarized his thoughts on King George by saying, â€Å"George I knew nothing and desired to know nothing; do nothing and desired to do nothing,†(Western Civilization Volume II).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Due to George’s little interaction with parliament, it further asserted itself with a new coronation of oath, requiring each monarch to swear to obey parliamentary statutes. It established a mandatory term of office for itself, gained tighter control over the budget and army, and produced a Bill of Rights that guaranteed citizens many liberties.

Flow Measurement – Fluid Mechanics

Name: ******** Class: DME2 Title: Flow Measurement Date: 11/02/2013 Lecturer: Mr Higgins Summary: In this experiment many different meters were used to measure fluid flow rate; the orifice plate, the venture meter, the rota meter and the weigh tank. Each meter works by its ability to alter a certain physical property of the flowing fluid and then allows this alteration to be measured. The measured alterations are linked directly to the flow rate and these measurements are subbed in to adjusted equations to solve for it. Each methods outcome is then analysed, compared against each other. . Objectives: * To introduce the student to three typical methods of measuring he flow rate of an incompressible fluid namely; 1- Venturi metre 2- Orifice plate 3- Rotor metre * To compare the accuracy of each device. * To give insight into appropriate industrial application for each device. 2. Theory: Water enters and first flows through the Venturi metre, then through the Orifice plate and then thro ugh the Rotor meter. On leaving the Rotor meter the water flows via a control valve to the weigh-tank of the hydraulic bench.At the inlet and the outlet of each flow measuring device is a connection to the manometer board, this allows the head loss to be determined across each device. For an incompressible fluid flowing through a pipe the following equations apply: Continuity, Q=V1A1=V2A2(1) Bernoulli’s P1? g+V122g+z1=P2? g+V222g+z2(2) Venturi Rewriting Bernoulli’s equation for the experimental apparatus PA? g+VA22g+zA=PB? g+VB22g+zB Since apparatus is horizontal ZA=ZB therefore, PA? g+VA22g=PB? g+VB22g Rearranging VB22g+VA22g=PA? g+PB? gSince P/? g is the hydrostatic (pressure) head, h at any given point we can rewrite the above equation as, VB22g+VA22g=hA-hB(3) Where hAand hB are read directly from the apparatus. To solve for velocities, we rearrange equation (1), VA=VBABAA Filling into equation (3), VB22g+VBABAA22g=hA-hB(4) Hence the only unknown asVB. Therefore, to find the flow rate, determine VB from equation (4) and then Q is given by. Q=VBAB (5) Orifice Q is calculated using the same procedure as the Venturi meter using ports E and F as opposed to A and B.However, because the orifice plate is less ideal, it causes turbulence in the flow it requires a correction factor known as the coefficient of discharge, K. For this apparatus K=0. 601 therefore, the calculated Q must be multiplied by K, Qactual=Qtheoretical? K Rotor meter The flow rate is read directly off the rotor meter calibration curve as seen in the graph h below. 3. Apparatus: * The bulk of the apparatus used in this experiment is as shown below on a labelled diagram. * The flow of water was manually varied by a screw type tap. The weight balance is not shown but is acted on a counter balancing weight system. In this experiment a 4kg weight was dropped and the time was started. The length of time was determined by how long it would take for the water to raise the weight. This (wit h a 1:3 weight is to water ratio) allowed the mass flow rate to be calculated. Rotameter Rotameter Manometers Manometers 4. Orifice Orifice Venturi Venturi Procedure: 1. Set flow rate to maximum. 2. Record the monometer readings A, B, E and F. 3. Measure the discharge using the weigh-tank. 4. Repeat the steps 2 and 3 for 6 other flow rates. 5.Draw a graph of volumetric flow rate measured by the weigh-tank versus volumetric flow rate measured by the other three devices (all on one graph). 6. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each device from an installation view. 5. Experimental Results: | Amm| Bmm| Emm| Fmm| Rota-meter| Flow rate (weigh – tank) @4kg (s)| 1| 378| 131| 349| 86| 21. 4| 25| 2| 345| 162| 326| 130| 18. 4| 31. 8| 3| 320| 188| 304| 165| 15. 2| 37| 4| 298| 202| 288| 191| 12. 3| 47. 5| 5| 282| 222| 274| 211| 9. 3| 59. 4| 6| 266| 236| 262| 232| 5. 4| 91. 5| Position| A| B| E| F| Diameter (m)| 0. 026| 0. 016| 0. 051| 0. 020| 6.Sample Calculations: Venturi: As Q =VA, the volume (V) and the area (A) must be calculated first. Volume is found from the equation (4) as shown in theory being rearranged; VB22g+VBABAA22g=hA-hB VB2-VB2AB2AA2=hA-hB2g VB21-AB2AA2=hA-hB2g VB2=hA-hB2g1-AB2AA2 VB2=hA-hB2g1-AB2AA2 VB=hA-hB2g1-AB2AA2 From this equation, V can now be calculated using the results from the experiment. Calculation carried out for first instance: AA=? 0. 02624AB=? 0. 01624 AA=5. 3093? 10-4m2AB=2. 0106? 10-4m2 h = the height read from the manometer in the experiment. VB=0. 378-0. 131(29. 8)1-(2. 0106? 10-4)2(5. 3093? 10-42)2 VB=4. 4120. 85659 VB=5. 6517 VB=2. 3773m/s Now that the velocity at point B and the area of point B is calculated, Q can now be worked out; QB=VBAB QB=2. 3773? (2. 0106? 10-4) Volumetric Flow RateB=4. 7799? 10-4m3/s To convert into kg/s; QB=(4. 7799? 10-4)? 1000 Mass Flow rate B=0. 4779kg/s Orifice: To calculate the mass flow rate using the orifice method, calculations very similar to the venture method are used. The positio ns are now different so therefore the diameters are changed in finding Q. AA/VA and AB/VB are now obviously changed to AE/VE and AF/VF but otherwise the exact same method is used to find VF.However, the overall mass flow rate has to be corrected by a factor of K=0. 0601 due to a less efficient apparatus being tested. AE=? 0. 05124AF=? 0. 02024 AE=2. 0428? 10-3m2AF=3. 1416? 10-4m2 VF=hE-hF2g1-AF2AE2 VF=0. 349-0. 08629. 811-3. 1416? 10-42. 0428? 10-32 VF=5. 16. 97635 VF=5. 2851 VF=2. 298m3/s Q=VFAF Q=2. 2983. 1416? 10-4 Q=7. 223? 10-4 Now multiplied by correction factor and converted to kg/s; Q=7. 223? 10-4)(0. 601)(1000) Q=0. 43406 kg/s Rota-meter The mass flow of water is worked out in this method by feeding the results read from the rotor meter into the graph as shown below; Weigh TankThe ratio of weight of the load to the weight of the water in this lab is 1:3. A weight was applied to the time the discharge was 4kg. Therefore the time taken for this discharge can allow us to calcu late the mass flow rate as Mass flow Rate = KG/S. So for the first test; Q=4325 Q=0. 48kg/s 7. Calculated results: | Venturi (kg/s)| Orifice (kg/s)| Rota meter(kg/s)| Weigh tank(kg/s)| 1| 0. 4779| 0. 4341| 0. 463| 0. 48| 2| 0. 4116| 0. 3747| 0. 404| 0. 3773| 3| 0. 3496| 0. 3156| 0. 341| 0. 3243| 4| 0. 2981| 0. 2636| 0. 284| 0. 2526| 5| 0. 2357| 0. 2124| 0. 224| 0. 202| 6| 0. 1667| 0. 1466| 0. 152| 0. 1312| 8. Discussions:The measurement of fluid flow can prove very important in day to day applications. For example the measurements of blood-flow rates in human artery or the measurement of liquid oxygen in a rocket are hugely important in their field of work. Although the methods used in this lab may not all work in these cases, the selection of the proper instruments for a particular application is hugely important. Flow-rate-measurement devices frequently require accurate pressure and temperature measurements in order to calculate the output of the instrument so choosing the correct method of measurement is hugely important.Each of the flow measurement devices used had its own advantages and disadvantages. Comparing the venturi meter the orifice plate there are some noticeable differences. Although both are suitable for clean or dirty fluids the orifice plate has a relatively low cost compared to the venturi meter. But on the other hand the orifice plate does require a smaller diameter in compared to the venture meter. In day to day applications these two factors could have huge effect on the choice in application. Cost is always a huge factor in any application decision and depending on the requirements for the application size could also play a vital role.The weigh tank is a somewhat more basic approach to measuring the mass flow rate of fluid. The human element of error in the timing of the weights displacement can be easily corrected by machinery and could prove very effective for applications measuring flow. The rota meter is also a simple but effective m ethod of flow measurement. The simple effects of parallax are a disadvantage to this application but again in day to day modern applications, computerised sensory machines can correct this very easily. 9. Conclusion: Overall this lab was a success.The results are all within the range of having explainable errors such as; * The main error predicted is due to the ‘snowball effect’ in calculations, where a rounding off of results at the beginning of a number of equations has a greater effect with the end result. This rounding error can have greater effects than thought and can drastically vary the end result. * Parallax is another error caused across each application. The heights read across the manometers and the rotameter can be easily read wrong. Along with the meniscus of the fluid giving a false level and a wrong angle at the result reading can change the end result also. Human error is always a small error to be taken into account, especially when using the stop watc h in the weight tank method of measuring the flow rate. The likelihood of reading the exact time needed is very small. This again can have huge effect on the accuracy of the result achieved. By carrying out this laboratory students were able to become comfortable with calculations and equations that were ran through in class. The ‘hands on approach’ of this lab allows students to understand the theory better and this in turn results in easier revision when studying for exams.Overall this laboratory and its results proved successful, with results accurate with an explainable percentage of error and with students having a greater understanding in this area. 10. Bibliography: 1. CIT laboratory manual: Fluid mechanics-B. S. Massey, Applied mechanics – J. D. Walker, Fluid mechanics – Irfan A. Khan, Mechanical Engineering Science- J. Hannah and M. J. Hiller. 2. Wikipedia – formulas / units confirmation 3. http://fetweb. ju. edu. jo – general inform ation on each measuring meter used.

The Issue Of Gun Control - 1641 Words

On the topic of gun control, the main objective is to aim towards regulation along with the restriction of the possession and the purchasing of firearms. The whole idea that is public policy issue, is due to the fact the right that US citizens have within the second amendment. According to Cornell University Law School in their legal information institute the second amendment is defined as, â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. (Legal Information Institute) The tension between both the second amendment and the gun control laws, have put America into a stand still whether or not if there should be regulations. The main purpose of†¦show more content†¦If such rights aren’t met or are broken all rights of owning guns can be denied. While the state of Alaska is on the complete different side on this issue. In the Alaskan state constitution, it says this abou t gun control, the right of the citizens to keep and bear arms will not be denied. It is an individual right to own and keep bear arms and will not be denied by the state. Alaska maybe different from Nebraska but, the success of their state’s policy has been effective over gun control. According to the state of Alaska’s Department of Public Safety, anyone under the age of 21 cannot carry firearms concealed. If an Alaskan resident wants to apply to obtain a permit to carry a concealed weapon if they are planning to travel into another state (Alaska 2015). Alaska is currently one of four states that doesn’t require a permit when carrying a concealed weapon. Which has lead to many different discussions in different areas of gun control in Alaska on whether or not that should be legal too. One example being that, the legislature is considering to loosening the gun possession rules on the university of Alaska campuses. According to the Alaska Dispatch News, â€Å"Un der a more detailed university regulation, anyone who legally can have a gun can bring it onto the University of Alaska s 16 campuses -- if it stays in a locked vehicle or, for dorm residents, in a locked storage area. People can t carry their guns concealed or openly